흑미에 들어있는 안토시아닌의 효능은?

Black rice is an ancient and rare rice resource 에서China. Compared 와ordinary white rice, black rice is not only rich in dietary fiber, vegetable protein, a variety 의essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals such as iron, copper and zinc, but also contains the functional ingredient anthocyanin. Black rice anthocyanin is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from the bran of black rice. Because of its strong antioxidant activity and ability to scavenge free radicals, it has shown potential in promoting human health. Therefore, the physicochemical properties and functional effects of black rice anthocyanin have attracted widespread attention from scientific researchers. This article mainly reviews the pharmacological effects and functions of black rice anthocyanin in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic complications, anti-cancer and anti-aging, revealing its application prospects in the fields of functional foods and medicine, and providing a reference for the application of black rice anthocyanin in the health industry.

흑미 안토시아닌 1 성분

Black rice anthocyanin is an extract from the bran of black rice다.주로 식물에서 glycoside의 형태로 존재한다.anthocyanin 성분은 비교적 간단하며 흑미 anthocyanin의 주성분은 cornflower blue-3-O-glucoside, cornflower blue-3,5-diglucoside, cornflower blue-3-rhamnoside, geranium-3,5-diglucoside, paeoniflorin-3-glucoside, paeoniflorin-3-arabinoside, malvinidin-3-galactoside이다.이 중 시아니딘-3-글루코사이드 가 전체 안토시아닌 함량의 95% 이상을 차지한다 [1].일부 연구에 따르면 염산과 함께 메탄올 용액을 사용하면 안토시아닌 가수분해 문제를 효과적으로 피할 수 있으며, 추출된 안토시아닌 시아니딘 3-o-글루코사이드는 전체 시료 함량의 57.3%~74.5%를 차지한다 [2].

흑미 안토시아닌의 약리학적 효과 2

2.1 항산화 효과

Shi Juan et알다.[3]은 gavage를 이용하여 생쥐에게 저용량, 중용량, 고용량군 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg)을 설정하여 해당 농도의 조흑미 안토시아닌을 공급하였다.30일 후, 생쥐의 비장 및 흉선 지수가 증가하였으며, 간, 신장, 심장 및 혈청에서 superoxide dismutase (SOD), 총항산화능 (T-AOC) 및 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 활성이 유의적으로 증가하였음을 확인하였다.SOD), 총항산화능 (T-AOC) 및 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 활성은 유의적으로 증가하였고, malondialdehyde (MDA) 함량은 감소하였으며, 산소 활성산소의 소거능은 유의적으로 향상되었다.리원 등 [4]은 미국산 흑미 안토시아닌의 항산화 활성을 비교하였다인삼 사포 닌, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide와 stilbene glycoside monomer, 그리고 그 결과 흑미 안토사이닌의 항산화 활성이 미국 인삼 saponin, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 및 stilbene glycoside보다 우수하였다.Liang Yinku 등 5)은 in vitro 항산화 실험에서 흑미 안토시아닌의 hydroxyl 라디칼과 superoxide 음이온에 대한 억제율과 총 항산화 활성이 그 농도에 따라 증가함을 발견하였다.

지질 저하 효과 2.2

Many scholars have found that 흑미 안토시아닌 have the effect of regulating blood lipids. Zhang Mingwei et al. [6] found that giving 흑미 안토시아닌 to hyperlipidemic rats can lower the blood lipid levels of hyperlipidemic rats, improve the oxidative stress state in the body, and found that anthocyanins in black rice bran and unsaturated fatty acids are the main substance basis for their antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. Xu Huilong [7] found that black rice anthocyanins can significantly reduce serum total 콜레스테롤(TCHO), triglycerides (TG), arteriosclerosis index (AS), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, increase high density liptein cholesterol (H-DLC), and apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I) levels, and is positively correlated with the dose, indicating that black rice bran can significantly improve lipid 신진대사abnormalities in hyperlipidemic rats and has the effect of regulating lipid metabolism disorders caused 에 의해a high-fat diet.

WANG et al. [8] constructed a high cholesterol model mouse by feeding it a high fat high cholesterol diet, and treated it daily with black rice anthocyanin. The results showed that supplementing black rice anthocyanin can effectively alleviate the increase in body weight, liver weight, perirenal fat mass and epididymal fat mass in mice. Zhuo Xueming et al. [9] fed high cholesterol mice black rice anthocyanin for 15 weeks, the anti-blood lipid effect of Anthocyanin was studied by measuring the levels of total cholesterol (TCHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipteincholesterol (H-DLC) and triglyceride (TG). The results showed that black rice anthocyanins have a blood lipid-regulating effect. Liu et al. [10]established a high cholesterol model by feeding a high cholesterol diet, and fed black rice anthocyanins for 12 weeks. The results showed that black rice anthocyanins can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine and promote the reverse transport of cholesterol in the intestine by regulating the expression levels of related genes. In addition, a black rice diet can also repair intestinal tissue damaged by a high-cholesterol diet and increase the proportion of beneficial intestinal bacteria.

2.3 항당뇨병과 합병증

2.3.1 저혈당 효과

In 2019, the number of people with diabetes in China was about 116 million. According to statistics, China has become the country with the largest number of diabetes patients in the world [11]. Therefore, the treatment of diabetes has gradually entered people'의 시야, 그리고 식이요법을 통한 당뇨병 증상 개선은 people&에 더 부합한다#39, 일상생활에서 욕구.Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside는 흑미 안토시아닌의 중요한 활성 단량체입니다.

Zheng Hongxing et al. [12]found that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in black rice anthocyanin can lower blood glucose in diabetic rats. By administering streptozotocin to induce diabetes in rats and then administering cyanidin-3-O-glucoside for 8 weeks, significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic rats and improved the “three highs and one low” in diabetic rats. Its hypoglycemic effect was not significantly different from that of metformin, the first-line drug in the clinic. Li Chengling et al. [13] constructed a diabetic rat model by intraperitoneally injecting mice with alloxan, and divided the mice into groups to give black rice extract black rice polyphenols by gavage for 4 weeks. It was found that black rice extract had an inhibitory effect on the trend of elevated blood glucose in mice with diabetes induced by tetraoxypyrimidine. Bhuyan et al. [14]found that the cornflowerin-3-O-glucoside in black rice extract can effectively bind to fructose-6-phosphate transaminase, producing a significant hypoglycemic effect.

2.3.2 항 당뇨병 골다공증 효과

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, which is mainly manifested as a decrease in bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, increased bone fragility, increased risk of fracture, high disability and mortality rate [15]. Qi Shanshan et al. [16]established a diabetic rat model by streptozotocin injection, and found that black rice anthocyanin extract given by gavage for 8 weeks increased bone density and reduced serum bone turnover markers in diabetic rats. In the high-dose group, bone microstructure and the number of osteoclasts returned to normal, At the same time, black rice anthocyanin extract can inhibit the adipogenesis of diabetic rats'골수다.처치군 쥐의 골조직 내 골형성 특이적 전사인자 (RUNX2) 가 유의하게 증가하였다.그 외에 유균총 플라보노이드, 리코펜 등의 천연물 역시 당뇨로 인한 골다공증에 이로운 효과가 있으며, 작용 기전은 흑미 안토시아닌 [17]과 일치한다.이상의 결과를 통해 흑미 안토시아닌과 유사한 안토시아닌 추출물은 당뇨병으로 인한 골 손실을 개선하고 골다공증에 항당뇨 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다.주요 기전은 골회전을 억제하고, 골수 지방 생성을 억제하며, RUNX2발현을 상향 조절한다.

항당뇨병성 신증 2.3.3

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes. About 30% of diabetic patients have serious symptoms such as nephropathy and proteinuria, which eventually develop into diabetic nephropathy. It is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients, and 53% of DN patients die of kidney failure [18]. Diabetic nephropathy, as a chronic disease that endangers human health, has become an important public health and social issue. Qi Shanshan et al. [19]found that the main active ingredient of black rice anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, can repair the renal dysfunction caused by diabetic nephropathy, protect renal tubular cells from damage, inhibit the aggregation of extracellular matrix in glomerular cells and renal fibrosis, At the same time, the study also compared the efficacy of black rice cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with the first-line clinical drug lisinopril in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, and found that there was no significant difference between black rice cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and lisinopril in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The mechanism by which black rice anthocyanin can prevent diabetic nephropathy is similar to that of other natural products such as notoginseng saponins, which is achieved through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and inhibition of renal fibrosis.

항당뇨성 망막증 2.3.4

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a fundus lesion with specific changes and is one of the important complications of diabetic microvascular disease. Under a high sugar state, the body produces oxidative stress through processes such as glucose autoxidation, polyol pathway and protein glycation, inducing the overexpression of peroxides, disrupting the antioxidant mechanism, triggering degeneration of retinal cells, and causing retinal damage. Qi Shanshan et al. [20] constructed a diabetic rat model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and then administered 200 mg/(kg·d) black rice anthocyanin extract to the diabetic rats by gavage. After 8 weeks of administration, the retinal tissue structure and its morphometric parameters, superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde content were observed by histopathological methods.

The study found that Compared with the model group, the retinal structure and morphology of rats in the black rice anthocyanin administration group improved significantly. The internal limiting membrane of the retina was better connected, and the cells in the inner and outer nuclear layers were arranged neatly. The total thickness of the retina, the thickness of the inner nuclear layer, and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer were all significantly thicker than those in the model group. The number of ganglion cells per unit distance was significantly higher than that in the model group, suggesting that black rice anthocyanins have the effect of improving the structure of the retina in diabetic rats and improving diabetic retinopathy. At the same time, this study found that black rice anthocyanins can improve lipid oxidation in diabetic rats.

2.4 항염증 효과

Zhao et al. [21]found that treatment with black rice anthocyanin extract androsmarinic 산 in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis showed a strong inhibitory effect on the disease activity index of colitis, nitric oxide (NO) content, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression showed a strong inhibitory effect. Among them, black rice anthocyanin extract had a stronger inhibitory effect on the repair of intestinal tissue in colitis mice, the content of NO in the intestine, the level of serum IL-6 and the expression of IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS mRNA) than rosemary acid. The results show that black rice anthocyanin extract can be used as a functional food or nutritional product for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in humans.

Wu et al. [22]constructed a model of obese mice by feeding mice a high-fat diet and treated them with black rice anthocyanin. They found that the black rice anthocyanin treatment group had significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, nuclear factor kappa-B ( NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 유전자were significantly reduced, indicating that black rice anthocyanins can reduce liver inflammation caused by a high-fat diet. Tancharoen et al. [23]used 5-fluorouracil to induce oral mucositis in rats, and found that black rice anthocyanin had a good anti-inflammatory effect on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis by 억제the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway after one month of treatment.

2.5 종양 세포 증식을 억제한다

Experimental studies in animal models of disease have shown that long-term dietary black rice products or black rice extracts can prevent and treat certain types of cancer by inhibiting tumor cell phosphorylation or upstream signaling pathways. Teng et al. [24]constructed a tumor model mouse by subcutaneously injecting mouse breast cancer cells, and injected 50 μL of black rice anthocyanin solution (20 mg/mL) into the tumor. Anthocyanin from black rice was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting the transformation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, thereby enhancing local hyperthermia and metastasis. Anthocyanin from black rice also has good photothermal stability and photothermal conversion efficiency, which can increase the temperature of anthocyanin from black rice to an effect sufficient to induce tumor cell death.

Jiang Weiwei et al. [25] found that black rice anthocyanin can inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and the mechanism of action may be through upregulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO, which leads to mitochondrial damage, the release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm, and the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. This activates the JNK and p38 signal transduction pathways, thereby inducing apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) leads to fast cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer patients. Luo Liping et al. [26] found that black rice anthocyanin can inhibit the growth and proliferation of HER-2-positive breast cancer cells and promote apoptosis by downregulating the phosphorylation level of HER-2. Liu Chunyuan et al. [27] found that black rice anthocyanins can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells (SW480), block the progression of the cell cycle, and promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells.

2.6 안티에이징 효과

비록aging is inevitable, it is possible to slow it down through a reasonable diet and balanced nutrition. Li et al. [28]found that black rice anthocyanins can be used as a source of dietary antioxidants. Experiments were carried out on wild fruit flies, and black rice anthocyanins were added to the flies'음식이다.최종적으로 흑미 안토시아닌 보충을 통해 글루타치온 대사, 신경활성 리간드 수용체 상호작용은 물론 지게머리 전사인자 (FOXO) 신호경로와 포유류 목표인 라파마이신 (mTOR) 신호경로를 조절해 초파리의 수명을 연장하고 운동기능 손상을 개선할 수 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다.Lu 등 29)은 흑미 안토시아닌이 노화 방지 효과가 있으며, 그 기전은 흑미 안토시아닌이 뇌, 간, 신장의 항산화 활성을 강화하고, 노화 관련 효소의 활성을 증가시키며, 유전자 발현을 변화시킬 수 있다는 사실과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 보여주었다.

2.7 뇌허혈로 인한 뇌경색과 기억력 상실을 억제한다

Wattanathorn et al. [30]induced metabolic syndrome in rats by feeding them a high-fat diet. The model rats were fed a combined extract of black rice anthocyanin and fennel for 21 days. The results showed that black rice anthocyanin can reduce the levels of MDA, IL-6 and NF-κB, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the frontal cortex and the expression of nitric oxide synthase, while increasing the diameter of the vascular lumen and reducing the thickness of the intima and media of the common carotid artery. Studies have shown that black rice anthocyanins have a beneficial effect on cerebral infarction. Hwang et al. [31]established a cerebral ischemia model in mice by performing a sham operation and treated the model mice with black rice anthocyanin by gavage for 21 days. the death of hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced, and the proliferation of reactive astrocytes was significantly inhibited. In the Morris water maze test, black rice anthocyanins significantly improved the memory impairment induced by arterial occlusion. The above results indicate that supplementing black rice anthocyanins has a significant inhibitory effect on cerebral ischemia.

항 에스트로겐 수치가 낮아 생기는 골다공증 2.8

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) is commonly characterized by reduced bone mass, destruction of bone microstructure, and decreased bone density, which causes inconvenience in the lives of postmenopausal women [32]. Lee et al. [33] induced a rat osteoporosis model by removing the rat's 난소와 쥐들에게 매일 gavage에 의해 흑미 추출물을 주었다.흑미 추출물은 난소 절제술로 유발된 골 손실을 예방할 수 있으며, 이는 골 대사를 조절하고 폐경 후 골다공증을 완화시켜 폐경 후 골다공증 치료에 큰 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.시미즈 등 (Shimizu et 34)은 안토시아닌이 풍부한 빌베리 추출물이 난소 절제 쥐에서도 골다공증 치료 효과가 있음을 발견했다.빌베리 추출물 투여 8주 후 골부피분율 (BV/TV), 골밀도 (BMD), trabecular 두께 (Tb.Th) 및 trabecular number (trabecular number, Tb.N) 수준은 증가하였고, trabecular separation (trabecular separation, Tb.Sp) 수준은 감소하여 빌베리 안토아닌이 풍부한 추출물이 골다공증을 완화시킬 수 있으며, 그 효과는 흑미 안토아닌과 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

2.9 간 손상 방지

Lu Hongchao et al. [35] established a mouse model of alcoholic liver injury by administering 50% alcohol to mice by gavage for 11 days. The treatment group was treated with black rice anthocyanin by gavage. The results showed that the SOD and GSH activities in the mouse liver were increased, and the MDA content was significantly reduced, indicating that black rice anthocyanin can improve alcoholic liver injury by scavenging free radicals in the body and preventing lipid peroxidation. Wang Zhibo et al. [36] established a rat model of acute liver injury by intraperitoneally injecting 탄소tetrachloride, and found that black rice anthocyanin could effectively alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury by gavage once a day for 7 days. Jiang et al. [37] found that daily intake of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside can prevent the progression of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the activation of 간stellate cells, which provides a basis for the clinical prevention of liver fibrosis.

2.10 그 밖의 효과

In addition to the above-mentioned functional effects, black rice anthocyanins also have other pharmacological effects. Sunarti et al. [38] found that goat milk supplemented with black rice extract can reduce insulin resistance by improving blood lipid levels and inhibiting the expression of retinol-binding protein in diabetic rats. Ona Kevin et al. [39] found that anthocyanin extracts from black rice can alleviate acute lead poisoning, providing a new approach for the treatment of acute lead poisoning.

요약 및 전망 3

현재, 공공 's demand for food safety and nutrition is constantly increasing. Black rice anthocyanins have the effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, anti-aging, and anti-cancer, and are a dietary supplement for health science. In addition, black rice anthocyanins have a preventive and therapeutic effect on chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, as well as other non-communicable diseases. Black rice anthocyanins play an important role in disease prevention and nutritional intervention for chronic diseases. China is rich in black rice resources, and black rice anthocyanins have good application prospects in the food, functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

참조:

[1] 왕연롱, 천진, 한하오 외.흑미 안토시아닌의 약리학적 효과에 대한 연구 진행.보리와 시리얼 과학 (Barley and Cereal Sciences), 2016, 33(3):5-8.

[2] 자 오 샨,시 Qingqing, 리 시 주석, et  al.  결단력 of  초고성능 액체크로마토그에 의한 유색쌀의 antho-cyanins-raphy[J.식품발효산업, 2018, 44(11):301-306.

[3] 시주안, 장만리, 손한주 외.흑미 [J] 로부터 anthocyanins의 in vivo an-tioxidation에 관한 연구.한국외식산업학회지, 2015, 36(5):348-351, 369.

리원, 이신현, 자오관지 외 4명.흑미 anthocyanin com-pound 연질캡슐 활성 성분의 antioxi-dant 활성에 관한 연구 (J.식품과학과 기술, 2018, 43(10):109-115.

[5] 량인쿠, 왕기, 이신성.흑미 안토시아닌 캡슐의 항산화 활성 및 활성산소 소거 (J.식품공학, 2012, 37(8):243-246.

장밍웨이, 장루이펜, 궈바오장 등.Hypolipi-흑미 과피 추출물 ac의 demic 및 항산화 효과-성분분석 [J.Scientia Agricultura sini-ca, 2006, 39(11):2368-2373.

[7] XU Huilong다.흑현미 과메기가 쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향 및 분자적 기전 [D].푸저우:푸젠농림대학, 2013.

[8] WANG H, LIU D, JI Y L 등.흑미 안토시아닌 추출물의 식이보충은 콜레스테롤 대사를 조절하고 임-고지방 및 콜레스테롤 식이를 공급한 C57BL/6J 마우스에서 장내 미생물 이생증을 증명한다 [J].분자 영양 &식품연구, 2020, 64(8):1900876.

[9] 탁 Xueming다.흑미로부터 anthocyanin com-ponents의 유전자형 차이와 혈청 지질 조절에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 및 혈당 수치 [D].푸저우:푸젠 농업과 임업 우- 2012년 niversity,다.

[10]  류 H Y, 황 L, PEI X L. 수수쌀과 흑미의 영향 genes  관련 with  cholesterol  metabolism  in  hyperc- 홀esterolemic mouse 간 및 장 [J.식품 과학 &영양, 2021, 9(1):217-229.

[11] Qi Qige다.트랜스 형성의 표현 성장 인자 (TGF β 1)고 고환에 혔 (IL-6) 실험 쥐 당뇨 [D]의 한 조직이다.내몽골:내몽골의과대학, 2003.

[12]  ZHENG H X, QI S S, HE J, 외.Cyanidin-3-glucoside 검정색에서 쌀 감면 당뇨를 통해 신 혈당을 줄이는 산화 스트레스과 염증을 억제하는 것, 그리고 규제하는 트랜스-형성 성장 인자 β 1/smad [J] 표현이다.한국농식품화학학회지, 2020, 68(15):4399-4410.

[13] 리충링, 저우둥하오.흑미 폴리페놀이 alloxan으로 유발된 생쥐의 당뇨병에 미치는 영향 (J.식품 안전 저널 &「 qual-ity 」, 2020, 11(10):3189-3193.

[14]  BHUYAN P, SARMA S, GANGULY M, 외.글루타민:과당-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT) 저해 활성:흑미주에 존재하는 안-토시안 (an-thocyanins)의 항당뇨 효과에 대한 가능성 있는 기전 [J].한국분자구조학회지, 2020, 1222(15):128957.

[15] SAMSULRIZAL N, GOH Y M, AHMAD H, 외.델토idea (Ficus deltoidea)는 streptozotocin 유발 당뇨쥐에서 골 형성을 촉진한다 [J].「 제약생물학 」, 2021, 59(1):66-73.

[16]  QI'S, HE J, HAN H, 외.흑미 (Oryza sativa L. Japonica)의 안토시아닌 풍부한 추출물은 쥐의 당뇨성 골다공증을 개선시킨다 [J].음식 &함수, 2019, 10(9):5350-5360.

[17] QI S S,SHAO M L,SUN Z, 외.리코펜은 당뇨병인 os-테오다공증을 개선한다 을 통해 안티-inflammatory, 안티-oxidation, 및 Osteoprotegerin/RANKL 발현비 증가 [J].기능식품학회지,2021,83:104539-104539.

[18] 동수민, 후상카, 자오먀오신 외.당뇨병 생쥐의 신장손상에 대한 Panax noto인삼사포닌의 보호효과 및 기전 (J.The Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021, 37(17):2303-2307.

[19]  QI S S, HE J, DONG L C, 외.흑미로부터 추출한 Cyanidin-3-glucoside는 streptozotocin 당뇨쥐에서 신장기능부전 및 신장섬유증을 예방한다 [J].기능식품학회지, 2020, 72:104062.

[20] 키샨샨, 허지아, 궁수애 등.당뇨병 쥐의 망막병증에 대한 흑미 안토시아닌의 보호효과 (J.The Chinese jou-rnalof Clinical Pharmacology, 2020, 36(22):3751-3754, 3759.

[21]  ZHAO L, ZHANG Y L, LIU G R, 외.흑미 안토시아닌 풍부한 추출물과 rosmarinic acid는 단독 및 조합하여 생쥐 [J]에서 a-gainst dss로 유발된 대장염을 보호합니다.음식 &함수, 2018, 9(5):2796-2808.

[22]  우 T, 구 X Q, 장 M, 외.흑미, 콩-콩, 자색 옥수수에 들어있는 안토시아닌은 고지방 식이로 유발된 비만 쥐의 배설물 부티르산을 증가시키고 간 염증을 예방한다.음식 &「 func-tion 」, 2017, 8(9):3178-3186.

[23]  TANCHAROEN S, SHAKYA P, NARKPINIT S, 외 다수.안 토시아 닌 Oryza sativa l. fluorouracil-induced 핵을 예방에서 추출 한 요인-구강 mucositis κ B 활성화에:체외과 생체 실험에서 [J] 연구 한다.한국분자과학회 국제학술발표논문집 2018년, 19(10):2981.

[24]  텡 M Z, ZHOU S Y, ZHANG R J, 외.흑미에서 추출한 추출물은 종양의 성장과 전이를 억제하는 광열제로 기능한다 [J.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotech-nology, 2020, 8:904.

[25]지 앙 Weiwei다.흑미 추출물이 PC-3세포 증식에 미치는 영향 및 그 기전에 관한 연구 [D.창사:중남대학, 2010.

[26] 루오 Liping다.흑미 안토시아닌에 의한 her-2Positive 유방암에서의 전이억제 효과 및 기전 연구 [D].쳉-두:남서부 Jiaotong 대학, 2013.

[27] 류춘위안, 자오바오멍, 장홍 외.흑미 안토시아닌이 대장암의 세포증식, 세포주기 및 세포사멸에 미치는 영향.Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases (전자판), 2014, 3(6):464-468.

[28]  리 X, 장 Z S, 장 X H 등.노화 경로 조절을 통한 D. Melanogaster의 흑미 안토시아닌 추출물이 발휘한 수명 연장 효과의 전사 분석 [J].Experi- 정신노인학, 2019, 119:33-39.

[29]. LU X L, ZHOU Y H, WU T, 외.D-galactose에 의해 유도된 노화생쥐에 대한 흑미 안토시아닌의 개선효과 (J.음식 &함수, 2014, 5(11):2892-2897.

[30]  WATTANATHORN J, OHNON W, THUKHAMMEE W, 외.대사증후군 쥐의 Oryza sativa와 Anethum graveolens combined ex-tract의 뇌허혈에 대한 Cere-broprotective effect (J.Oxidative Medicine and cell Longevity, 2019, 2019:9658267.

[31]  황스엔 (HWANG S N), 김제이 C (KIM J C), 부얀엠이 H (BHUIYAN M I H) 외.흑미 (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae) 추출물은 생쥐에서 일과성 지구성 뇌허혈로 유발된 해마 신경세포 죽음을 감소시킨다 [J.Experi- 정신신경생물학, 2018, 27(2):129-138.

[32] 왕진, 장천, 탕하오지 등.난소절제 골다공증 쥐의 골조직에 미치는 huqian pill의 protec-tive 효과 및 기전에 관한 연구 (J).세계한의학, 2021, 16(12):1829-1833, 1838.

[33]LEE S H, KIM J B,CHANG H H 등.흑미 (Oryza sativa L.)의 aleurone layer ex-tract 가 골밀도에 미치는 영향 및 난소절제 쥐의 뼈 관련 바이오마커 (FS14-05-19)[J]. Current Developments in Nutrition, 2019, 3(1):1474.

[34] 시미즈 S, 마츠시타 H, 모리 Y 외.antho-cyanin-rich bilberry 추출물이 난소절제시 골대사에 미치는 영향 쥐 [J]다.생의학보고 (Biomedical Reports), 2018, 8(2):198-204.

[35] 루홍자오, 왕치, 장타오 등.흑미 anthocyanin 복합캡슐의 알코올 유발 간손상에 대한 예방 및 cura-tive effect (J.식품산업과학과 기술, 2012, 33(16):347-349.

[36] 왕지보, 송순종, 장지보.AEBR은 Nrf2/HO-1 ac-tivation[J]를 통해 gainst 사염화탄소 유발 간 손상을 보호한다.2019년 리시젠의학과 모태연구, 30 (5):1097-1100.

[37] JIANG X W, GUO H H, SHEN T R 등.Cyanidin-3-O-β-gluco-에서 정화 편 검은 쌀 보호 쥐 간 섬유 증에 대한 유도 by  carbon  tetrachloride 을 통해 inhibiting  hepatic  stellate cell 활성화 [J.한국농식품화학학회지 2015, 63(27):6221-6230.

[38]SUNARTI, NURLIYANI, RUBI D S 외.염소 우유 kefir with 흑미 추출물은 통해 인슐린 저항성을 감소시켰다 당뇨병 쥐에서 RBP4발현 억제 [J.지중해 저널 of Nutri-tion and Metabolism, 2017, 9(3):183-190.

[39]ONA KEVIN A L, MEDINA PAUL M B. ballatinao 흑미의 Crude anthocyanin extract (CAE)는 Daph-에서 급성 납 독성을 감소시킨다 니아 마그나다 [J다]환경오염과 인간건강학회지 2015, 3(1):18-23.