D Mannose Powder Provides Innovative Ingredients for Functional Food and Beverage

D-mannose, a functional monosaccharide naturally found in various fruits (such as peaches and apples) and plants, has gained prominence as a star ingredient in innovative formulations across global industries, including food and beverages, dietary supplements, animal nutrition, and cosmetics, thanks to its unique low-calorie sweetness and diverse health-promoting properties. As a leading supplier of plant extracts and natural ingredients, Green Spring Technology is committed to providing high-quality, multi-specification D-mannose to help customers develop next-generation health products that meet market demands.

D-mannose powder is a natural ingredient commonly used as a sweetener in the food industry, particularly in health supplements and beverages; in the livestock industry, D-mannose can be used in feed to prevent broiler chickens from being infected with Salmonella and to increase egg production; in chemical synthesis, D-mannose can be used as a raw material to synthesise various derivatives, such as trifluoromannose and L-ribose, etc. [7]. Its wide range of applications gives D-mannose powder excellent economic value and market potential.

D-mannose (also known as D-(+)-mannose; D(+)-mannose) has the molecular formula C6H12O6 and a relative molecular mass of 180.16. It is an isomer of glucose and galactose. As a simple monosaccharide, D-mannose exists in a wide variety of forms and is a component of most polysaccharides. Additionally, D-mannose is abundant in oligosaccharides found in plant cell walls. Free D-mannose is present in the peels of fruits such as peaches, apples, and oranges. At the same time, polysaccharides containing D-mannose are extensively found in ivory palm nuts, serum globulin, egg mucin, red algae, yeast, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [1]. Due to its widespread distribution, D-mannose is frequently encountered in sugar-related research.

Since the 1960s, related disciplines (glycoengineering, glycobiology, glycochemistry) have seen tremendous development, and understanding of sugars has evolved from viewing them as a source of energy and structural components to recognising their important biological functions, such as immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects [2]. Many of the polysaccharides studied contain D-mannose as a component.

Research indicates that D-mannose exhibits properties that regulate tissue repair environments in vitro experiments [3]. Additionally, research by the Yue Jianxiong team has confirmed that this component can serve as a safe screening marker in plant cell cultivation, offering novel solutions for agricultural biotechnology [4].

D-mannose possesses a unique metabolic pathway in the human body, widely distributed in bodily fluids and tissues, particularly in the nervous system, skin, liver, and intestines. This component is a key participant in glycoprotein synthesis and plays an important role in maintaining normal immune function [1]. Research shows that it participates in the antigen recognition process by supporting the function of macrophage surface receptors (containing D-mannose structural units) [1,5,6].

d-만노스의 특성 1

1.1 Physical Properties of D-Mannose

D-mannose is highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether. Its pure form is a white crystal or powder, with a sweet taste and a slight bitterness. Its melting point is 132°C (α-type crystal form) to 133°C (β-type crystal form). The two conformations of D-mannose are α-type (methyl crystallisation) and β-type (ethyl crystallisation) have specific optical rotations in aqueous solution of [α]D20+29.3→ +14.6° and [α]D20−29.3→ +14.6°, respectively.

2 Applications of D-mannose raw materials

2.1 Applications of D-mannose in food

Due to its sweet taste and low-calorie properties, D-mannose is commonly used as a sweetener alternative to sucrose. To date, D-mannose is often consumed directly as a food additive. Currently, China, the United States, and other countries produce food-grade D-mannose powder. Popular D-mannose brands include Source Naturals, Vibrant Health, and NOW Foods, among others, where D-mannose is primarily available in capsule or powder form [8].

Additionally, D-mannose has properties that improve food texture, making it suitable for commercial food applications. For example, its solubility and anti-melting properties allow it to be widely used in commercial ice cream. In the late 20th century, Elghaouth and Wilson et al. [9] found that inoculating D-mannose into apples or peaches nearing spoilage could reduce the diameter of spoilage lesions.

At the beginning of the 21st century, Yang Bingxun et al. [10] used HPLC to determine the D-mannose content in iron-enriched Dendrobium officinale beverages, establishing a benchmark for quality control of such beverages.

2.2 Applications of D-mannose powder in the livestock industry

For a long time, the growth of livestock and poultry, as well as the prevention and treatment of diseases in the livestock industry, have relied on antibiotics. However, the overuse of antibiotics can lead to environmental pollution or the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria [15,16]. Therefore, finding alternative methods to replace the use of antibiotics is of great significance. In the 1990s, American researchers conducted experiments on chicks treated with Salmonella typhimurium using D-mannose and several other sugars. They found that D-mannose effectively inhibited Salmonella infection in chicks and had no adverse effects, thereby serving as an alternative to antibiotics for this bacterium [16,17].

Additionally, research has shown that D-mannose can hinder the colonisation of pathogens in the intestines and cause them to detach, and its widespread use in animal feed can inhibit the proliferation of pathogens [18].

Therefore, D-mannose can be used in animal nutrition as a green antibiotic alternative to improve animal health and production performance.

2.3 Other applications of D-mannose 파우더

2.3.1 D-mannose as a cosmetic additive

today&에서#39;s society, cosmetics have become an indispensable consumer product in the daily lives of most women. Aloe vera, a traditional plant with beauty, sunscreen, and moisturising functions, holds an important position in the cosmetics industry [25]. Research has found that the polysaccharides in aloe vera are the primary bioactive compounds, with their main components being β-(1→4)-mannan and glucosylmannan long-chain polymers [26]. Among these, D-mannose has excellent effects in skin conditioning, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth after cleansing, without tightness or dryness [27].

2.3.2 Application in biochemical research fields

As a carbohydrate, D-mannose not only performs various physiological functions in living organisms but also provides them with energy. Research has shown that D-mannose, as a marker for transgenic cell selection, has successfully transformed potatoes, sugar beets, wheat, and corn. Among these, the transformation selection pressure on sugar beets is extremely low, with up to 30% of explants germinating [29]. As a previously commonly used antibiotic-based transgenic screening agent, D-mannose has now replaced it and is used in transgenic plant research. Studies show that D-mannose-resistant cells have been used in primary transgenic rice under hundreds of different cultivation conditions [29]. Additionally, in Wang's work [30], D-mannose was found to provide a carbohydrate source for corn callus tissue, making it suitable for protoplast transformation in corn polyethylene glycol media.

3 Market Prospects for D-Mannose

As a natural and healthy raw material, D-mannose has a wide range of applications. In the food industry, D-mannose can serve as a substitute for high-calorie sugars due to its inherent properties and can also be used as an additive in various new food products, offering significant market application value. Furthermore, in the fields of animal husbandry and biochemical research, D-mannose's environmentally friendly and safe characteristics have facilitated better development in these areas. Furthermore, in the application and development of D-mannose in cosmetics, it not only reduces product costs but also, due to its natural properties and excellent skin care effects, is likely to drive significant economic consumption, bringing substantial economic benefits to businesses.

As a leading biotechnology company, Green Spring Technology supplies fermented D-mannose powder with a purity of 99%, which is highly suitable for use in health supplement formulations and dietary supplements. Contact us to obtain complete technical documentation and compliance certifications.  

참조

[1] 청 Z. 단당류의 저온 열역학적 특성과 열분해 운동성에 관한 연구 (D.선양:Shenyang University of Technology,2016.

[2] 팬 Ziguo 가 있습니다.D-mannose[D]의 추출 및 정제과정에 대한 연구.항저우:절강대학교, 2009.

[3] Kossi J,Peltonen J,Ekfors T, 외 hexose의 효과 당:포도당, 과당, 갈락토오스 그리고 만코스가 쥐의 상처 치유에 있다.유럽 외과 연구, 1999,31(1):74-82.

[4] 육자룡, 맹자홍, 장리휘 등.screening agent 로서 mannose를 이용한 목화의 유전자 형질전환 (J.면학회지 2005(1):3-7.

[5]Mazumder P,Mukhopadhyay C.Conformations,dynamics and interactions (역학과 상호작용) 디-의 트라이- 그리고 만노스가 결합하는 렉틴을 가진 pentamannoside:분자역학 연구 [J].탄수화물 연구, 2012년, 349:59-72다.

[6] 정규시즌 T.결단력 HPLC에 의한 혈장 내 D-Mannose의 [J.임상 화학, 2003년, 49 (1):181-183다.

[7] 량지, 황구홍.만노즈 [J]의 준비와 사용.화학공업친구,2000(3):14.

[8] 후 X,시이, 장 P 등.d-mannose:속성, 생산, 그리고 응용 프로그램: 개요 [J].포괄적인 리뷰 식품 과학에서 &식품안전,2016, 15(4):773-785.

[9]El G A,Wilson C L,Wisniewski M.Sugar는 사과와 복숭아의 postharvest 병원균에 대한 잠재적 진균제로 유사하였다.[J]다.식물병, 1995,79(3):254.

[10] 양빙순, 심춘향, 왕쟁 등.HPLC에 의한 Dendrobium officinale 음료의 d-glycopyranose의 측정 (J.음식 과학, 2011년 (8):275-277.

[11] 왕슈팅.D-mannose 가 변형된 중합미셀의 표적약물전달 연구 [D].2015년:'우시'Jiangnan 대학,다.