아스트라갈루스 다당류의 용도는 무엇인가?

Astragalus polysaccharides is a complex, water-soluble neutral polysaccharide extracted from the root of Astragalus, 포도당, 아라비노스, 만노스, 갈락토스, 람노스 및 기타 단당류로 구성되어 있습니다다.약용 효과를 발휘하는 아스트라갈루스의 주요 성분으로서 아스트라갈루스 다당류는 면역 조절, 염증 방지, 산화 방지, 항 종양, 항 바이러스 등과 같은 많은 생리 기능을 가지고 있습니다.또한 잔류물이 없고 독성이 낮으며 내약성이 없는 특성 때문에 면역 증강 및 동물 사료 첨가제로 사용될 수 있습니다.닭 생산에서 아스트라갈리 다당류는 성장과 발달을 촉진하고, 면역 수준을 향상시키고, 동물 건강을 개선할 수 있으므로 다양한 응용 가능성을 가지고 있습니다.본 논문은 아스트라갈리 다당류의 생리학적 기능을 요약하고 닭 생산에 응용되는 과정을 검토하여 아스트라갈리 다당류의 합리적인 개발과 대중화에 참고가 되고자 한다.

아스트라갈리 다당류의 생리적 기능 1

1.1 면역조절 기능

Astragali polysaccharides have the following immunoregulatory functions in animals: one is to promote the development of immune organs such as bursa, thymus and spleen. As the main place for the proliferation and functioning of immune cells, the development of immune organs can determine the immune function of the body. Astragalus polysaccharide can stimulate the development of thymus to promote T cell differentiation, stimulate the development of bursa to promote B cell differentiation, and stimulate the spleen to enhance the effect on lymphocytes, thus exerting the effect of immunomodulation[1]. The second is the effect on immune cells. Astragali polysaccharide can proliferate and activate specific immune cells (T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes), increase the antibody level after vaccination, stimulate the proliferation of non-specific immune cells (NK cells) and enhance their killing power, improve cellular immunity and humoral immune response, and enhance the resistance to external pathogenic microorganisms.

In vitro tests have shown that astragalus polysaccharide can significantly increase the proliferation of chicken T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and accelerate the transformation of splenic lymphocytes[2] . Through transcriptome and metabolome sequencing, some studies have found that astragalus polysaccharide also exerts immunomodulatory effects on chicken macrophage HD11 through metabolic reprogramming of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway[3] . Third, the effect on immune molecules (immunoglobulins and cytokines). Astragalus polysaccharide can promote the production of many kinds of immunoglobulins and cytokines such as interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and thus participate in the immune response.

1.2 항산화 효과

Stress caused by oxidative damage can induce the production of reactive oxygen species in the body, and excessive reactive oxygen species will inhibit the function of related proteins, inducing macronutrient oxidative stress in cells. Astragalus polysaccharides can improve the antioxidant properties of the body, thus realizing its medicinal effects, and attenuating the effects of oxidative stress by increasing the activity of oxidative stress enzymes[4] . Ni Huiyan et al.[5] found that astragalus polysaccharide has a certain scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, and the scavenging ability increases with the increase of its concentration.

1.3 항바이러스 효과

Astragalus polysaccharide, as an interferon inducer, can induce the body to produce endogenous interferon, which can produce antiviral proteins and inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins, thus exerting antiviral effects. Astragalus polysaccharide can be used in chicken production to prevent and control Newcastle disease, influenza, infectious bronchitis, chicken infectious laryngotracheitis and other viral infectious diseases.

1.4세균 억제

대부분의식물 다당류natural antibacterial 효과가 있다.astragalus polysaccharide는 Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 등에 대해 in vitro에서 억제 효과가 있으며, 다당류 농도가 증가함에 따라 억제 효과가 강화되는 것으로 밝혀졌다.렌 Zhihua et al [6] 다당류 astragalus 분비에 영향을 미 칠 수 있 다는 것을 발견 같은 성의 혈청 interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), 변환 성장 인자-β (TGF-β), 루 킨 (IL-10) 및 기타 cytokines,하고 규제의 균형의 부차 17 (Th17)와 t 세포를 규제하는 도우미 t 세포 (Treg), 따라서 대장균 항균 효과에을 가 할 수도 없다.보조 T 세포 17 (Th17)과 조절 T 세포 (Treg)의 하위 집단의 균형을 조절하여 항균 효과를 발휘하고 면역력을 강화합니다.

1.5 항염증 효과

Inflammation is a pathological process that occurs in the body in response to various stimuli, such as biological, physical and chemical stimuli, and it will cause inflammatory damage to the body, leading to a decrease in immunity. It has been found that astragalus polysaccharides exhibit immunosuppressive effects and anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory models. Wang Shiaofei[7] found that astragalus polysaccharide resisted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection by decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors and increasing tight junction proteins, and showed anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro model of inflammation in Caco2 cells. Liu Danhua et al[8] found that in chicken embryo fibroblasts, Astragali polysaccharides alone can promote the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and thus enhance the immune function; Astragali polysaccharides and LPS co-treatment can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and thus exert anti-inflammatory effects. Tao Xinlei et al.[9] found that in the LPS-induced macrophage inflammation model in chickens, astragali polysaccharide could inhibit the over-activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by promoting the expression of cytokine signaling inhibitory factor 3, and then exerted anti-inflammatory effects.

닭 생산에 아스트라갈루스 다당류 적용 2

면역기능의 향상 2.1

Astragali polysaccharides can improve the immune function of chickens through various ways. Li Cheng [10] added different levels of Astragali polysaccharides to broiler diets, and the immune organ indices of fasces, spleen and thymus of broilers in the added group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Sun Bo et al[11] added 500 and 1 000 mg/kg of Astragali polysaccharides to the diets of Wumeng chickens, and the weights of the bursa, thymus and spleen of the added group increased significantly compared with those of the control group, which indicated that Astragali polysaccharides could promote the maturation of immune organs and increase the indexes of immune organs, and that the effect of adding 1 000 mg/kg was better than that of 500 mg/kg. Li Ling[12] found that the spleen index, bursa index and thymus index of broilers fed a basal diet containing 1% astragaloside were significantly higher than those of the control group. In addition, Zhang Bin [13] found that astragalus polysaccharide could also produce immunoprotection for immunosuppressed chicks, which could effectively antagonize the effect of cyclophosphamide on the immune function of the spleen of the chicks, significantly improve the number of T-lymphocytes in immunosuppressed chicks, and increase the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2), thus enhancing the immune function of the spleen of immunosuppressed chicks.

Changes in antibody potency can reflect changes in humoral immune response, and antibody potency after vaccination can directly reflect the effect of vaccine immunization. Studies have found that astragalus polysaccharide has a beneficial effect on antibody levels after vaccination against various avian diseases. Xiang Shuangyun et al.[14] found that astragalus polysaccharide could significantly increase the antibody level (humoral immunity index) and T lymphocyte percentage (cellular immunity index) during immunization of chicken Newcastle disease Lasota vaccine, and it could be used as an immune enhancer of chicken Newcastle disease Lasota vaccine.

Wang Hongcai et al[15] added Astragali polysaccharide to the diluted solution of live Newcastle disease vaccine and immunized chicks with nose and eye drops. The results showed that the serum antibody hemagglutination inhibition (HI) of the test group with the addition of Astragali polysaccharide was significantly higher than that of the unadded group, and the attack protection rate reached 100%, which indicated that Astragali polysaccharide could significantly enhance the immunization effect of the live vaccine against Newcastle Disease. Qiao Haiying et al.[16] found that compared with the vaccine group using the vaccine alone, the combined immunization of astragali polysaccharide and avian infectious bronchitis H120 weak vaccine significantly induced the production of avian infectious bronchitis virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) in laying hens and effectively protected chickens against the attack of the virulent strain. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide could promote the immunization effect of avian infectious bronchitis vaccine. Xu Shuwen et al.[17] showed that the combination of astragalus polysaccharide and simvastatin significantly increased the hemagglutination inhibitory antibody (HIBA) and the serum lgG antibody content.

Miao Zhipeng[18] found that the addition of 0.05% Astragali polysaccharides to the diet significantly enhanced the antibody potency of Newcastle disease and H9 avian influenza virus after immunization with Newcastle disease and H9 avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine, indicating that the use of Astragali polysaccharides can improve the immunization effect of avian vaccines.

Astragali polysaccharides can also regulate the production of immune molecules. Qin Yanjun[19] found that the injection of Astragalus polysaccharide into embryonic eggs could increase the number of mucosal IgA cells and the mRNA expression level of interleukin-2 (IL-2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) genes, which could enhance the intestinal immunity of the chicks at the early stage of fledgling to provide the body with effective and timely protection to improve the immune function of the organism. Zhu Yifeng et al.[20] found that astragalus polysaccharide could significantly stimulate the proliferation of peripheral blood, thymus, spleen and bursa lymphocytes, and significantly promote the secretion of cytokines IL-2, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), which were also involved in regulating cellular immunity. Li Cheng [10] found that the addition of Astragali polysaccharide to the basal diet of broiler chickens could significantly increase the content of IL-2 and IL-6, and enhance their immune function, and the effect of 0.1% of the additive was better than 0.05%. In addition, Astragali polysaccharide can also regulate the level of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and promote proliferation, in which the level of CD3+ T cells increased linearly with the increase in the amount of Astragali polysaccharide [21].

2.2 성장 성과 향상

Astragali polysaccharide can increase the height of intestinal villi, increase the area of small intestinal mucosa, promote the contact between intestines and diets, in order to increase the apparent elimination rate of nutrients in the feed, improve feed utilization, and at the same time, Astragali polysaccharide is also rich in amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients, which can improve the growth performance of animals. Zhang Yong et al [22] found that the addition of low dose (300 mg/kg) and high dose (500 mg/kg) of Astragali polysaccharides to the diet can increase the height of small intestinal villi in Aveeno broiler chickens and reduce the depth of crypt fossa, and the effect of the high dose group was better than that of the low dose group; the mortality rate of the broiler chickens of the high dose group in the experimental period was 0, which was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group.

WANG et al[23]은 브로일러 식이에 아스트라갈루스 다당류를 첨가하면 장내 균사체의 구조와 양을 조절할 수 있음을 발견한 후, 브로일러의 성장 성능을 향상시키기 위해 브로일러의 장 건강을 증진시켰다.장롱 등 (24)은 아스트라갈리 다당류를 식이에 첨가할 경우 흰깃털이 있는 브로일러의 1일 평균 체중증가량을 1 ∼ 21일 및 21 ∼ 42 d, 실험 21일과 42일에 브로일러의 체중량을 유의적으로 증가시킬 수 있으며 아스트라갈리 다당류를 0.4% 수준으로 첨가하였을 때 가장 좋은 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.양 Fu'e[25] found that the addition of Astragali polysaccharide to chicks from 1 day of age could reduce the mortality rate, maintain the homogeneity and increase the weight gain. Wang Hongfang[26] found that the addition of Astragalus polysaccharide to the diet of laying hens can reduce the feed consumption and egg ratio of laying hens, reduce the number of intestinal E. coli, and regulate the balance of intestinal flora, which can improve the intestinal function, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients in intestinal tract, improve the utilization of feed, and improve the growth performance of chickens.

2.3 생산 성과 향상

The egg production rate and egg quality of laying hens are important indicators of production performance. Adding Astragalus polysaccharide to the diet of laying hens can promote better absorption and digestion of nutrients. Wang Changye [27] found that the addition of Astragali polysaccharides to the diets of Hyland Brown laying hens could improve egg production rate, reduce the rate of substandard eggs, and improve laying performance, and the greater the amount of Astragali polysaccharides added, the more obvious the improvement effect. Zhang Yao et al.[28] found that the egg production rate, eggshell weight, protein weight and egg haf unit of laying hens with Astragali polysaccharides added to the diet were significantly higher than those of the non-added group, suggesting that Astragali polysaccharides can improve the production performance and egg quality of laying hens. Chen Zhigang [29] found that the addition of Astragali polysaccharides at different levels (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased the daily egg production of Hailan brown shell laying hens, and the higher the addition, the thicker the eggshell thickness, the darker the yolk color, and the egg quality was significantly improved. Liu Bao [30] found that the addition of 200 and 400 mg/kg Astragali polysaccharides to the basal diet could significantly increase the egg production rate of laying hens, reduce the rate of soft-broken eggs, and significantly increase the eggs'뿐만 아니라 haf unit, eggshell strength, egg shape index 등 계란의 중성지방 함량을 감소시키고 계란의 품질을 향상시켰다.

Astragalus polysaccharide can also improve the slaughtering performance and muscle quality of broilers. Sun Bo et al.[11] found that when Astragalus polysaccharide was added to the diets of Wumeng chickens, the slaughtering rate, semi-clearance rate, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate, rump muscle rate, abdominal fat rate, and meat color redness (a* value) of the experimental group were significantly increased, and the dripping loss and cooking loss were significantly reduced, so that the slaughtering performance and muscle quality of Wumeng chickens were significantly improved. The team also found that astragalus polysaccharides significantly improved the slaughtering rate and other slaughtering performance indexes of yellow-feathered broiler chickens, and also increased the redness (a*), yellowness (b*), drip loss and cooking loss, and improved the slaughtering and muscle quality of broiler chickens[31] . Zhang Long et al.[24] found that the carcass weight and leg muscle weight of white-feathered broilers in the Astragalus polysaccharide test group were significantly increased, and the slaughtering performance of broilers was improved.

항산화 기능의 개선 2.4

Li Hongquan et al.[32] used Astragali polysaccharide at different doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/chick) and in different ways (eye and nose drops, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection) in chicks at the ages of 5, 14, and 25 days, and the results showed that the activities of chicken serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased significantly and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced in each experimental group, which indicated that Astragalus polysaccharide could improve the antioxidant function of chickens. The results showed that the activities of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased and malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced in all the test groups, indicating that astragalus polysaccharides could improve the antioxidant effects in chickens.

Jin Luyang et al.[33] found that when chicks were injected subcutaneously with different concentrations of Astragali polysaccharides at the age of 1 day, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and malondialdehyde in the serum were increased and malondialdehyde level was decreased, indicating that Astragali polysaccharides improved the antioxidant capacity of chicks. Zhang Youzeng[34] found that compared with the control group, the superoxide dismutase activity in the blood serum of broilers in the test group supplemented with 0.5% Astragali polysaccharides increased by 6.30%, and the malondialdehyde content decreased by 5.94%. Lipids in eggs are prone to peroxidation, resulting in oxidation of lutein and lightening of egg yolk color. Adding Astragalus polysaccharide to the diet can improve the color of egg yolk. Lin Xiajing et al.[35] found that when Astragalus polysaccharide was added to the diets of yellow-feathered broiler hens, the egg yolk color of the 200 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharide group was significantly higher than that of the control group.

질병의 예방과 치료 2.5

Astragali polysaccharide can prevent bacterial and viral infections through antibacterial and antiviral effects, and comprehensively enhance the immune function of chickens, so as to reduce the incidence of disease and mortality rate, improve the cure rate, and play the role of disease prevention and treatment. Hu Yuanliang et al.[36] added Astragalus polysaccharide into chicken embryo fibroblasts cultured for 24h, and then inoculated with Newcastle disease virus after 12h of culture, after which the activity of chicken embryo fibroblasts was measured by neutral red dye uptake method. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide promoted the proliferation of Newcastle disease virus-infected chick embryo fibroblasts, and promoted the cells to resist the infection of Newcastle disease virus. Meng Xianrong et al[37] infected broiler chickens artificially with strong viruses of Marek's 병, 그리고 특정 농도의 아스트라 갈리 다당류의 주사는 대식세포의 활성과 인터페론의 in vitro 유도 생존성을 증가시키고, 전염성 버살 병의 이환율과 사망률을 낮추고, Marek&의 감염을 억제할 수 있음을 발견했다#39, s 병과 종양 발생.

Yu et al[38]은 아스트라갈루스 다당류의 특정 농도가 닭 전염성 버살병의 이환율과 사망률을 현저히 낮출 수 있고, 신체 &를 강화할 수 있음을 발견했다#39;s resistance to infectious bursal disease. Liu Lichun et al.[39] found that intramuscular injection of 2 mL/kg of Astragalus polysaccharide had significant preventive and therapeutic effects on infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the recovery rate was significantly higher than that of the control group. It was also found that injection of Astragali polysaccharide into 3-day-old chicks infected with strong viruses of avian myeloid leukemia could reduce the morbidity and mortality of avian myeloid leukemia[40-41] . Mu Feiyan et al.[42] found that the addition of Astragalus polysaccharide to chicken diets could inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhea and intestinal inflammation, and reduce the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum of laying hens.

3 전망

Under the background of “no-antibiotic” culture, Astragali polysaccharide can improve the growth and production performance of animals through immunomodulation, antioxidant, antiviral, bacterial inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects, and play a role in the organism through multi-level and multi-pathway, so that Astragali polysaccharides can be substituted for antibiotics as an additive for animal feed, immunity enhancer and animal disease prevention and treatment drug. It can replace antibiotics as animal feed additives, immunity enhancers, and drugs for prevention and control of animal diseases, and play its role in increasing production and medicinal value in chicken production. In the future, we should explore the optimal amount of Astragali polysaccharides, explore the synergistic effect of Astragali polysaccharides with antibiotics, drugs, probiotics, etc., and evaluate the effect of resistance to animal diseases, so as to promote the green, healthy and efficient development of China's 양계업.

참조

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[2] 판연풍, 왕덕연, 후연량 외.아스트라갈루스 다당류 리포좀이 닭 림프구의 증식에 미치는 영향 (J.남경농업대학 2011년,34(4):95-99.

[3] 천푸빈, 쑤궈웨이, 왕레이 등.astragalus polysaccharide 가 HD11 닭 대식세포의 전사체 및 대사체에 미치는 영향 (J.한국축산수의학회지 2024,55(3):1290-1301.

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[5] 니후이옌, 천웨이, 송원징.Astragalus polysaccharides의 항산화 효과에 관한 연구 (J.한의학논문집 2017,32(9):1705-1707.

[6] 렌지화, 왕찬, 등준량 외.한약제조법이 Escherichia coli를 복강내에 투여한 생쥐에서 혈청 Th17과 Treg-type 사이토카인에 미치는 영향 [J. 중국수의학회지 2017, 37(12):2378-2383.

[7] 왕샤오페이.Astragalus 다당류의 In vitro 및 In vivo 항염증 활성 및 이들의 sulfated modification products[D].양림:서북농림대학,2014.

[8] 류단화, 장루이리, 티안수 외.DF-1세포의 lps 유도 염증반응에서 Astragalus polysaccharide의 항염증 효과 및 그 조절기전 [J].중국수의학회지 2021,41(1):143-149.

[9] 타오신레이, 류단화, 티안수 외.astragalus polysaccharide에 의해 유도된 SOCS3발현이 닭 대식세포의 염증반응에 미치는 억제 효과 [J.중국 축산업 &수의학, 2021년 48 (11):4284-4291.

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[18] 먀오즈펑.아스트라갈루스 다당류가 닭 뉴캐슬병, H9 아형 조류인플루엔자 백신의 면역효과에 미치는 영향.새로 운 농업, 2019년 (7):5-6.

[19] 진연준.astragalus polysaccharide의 배아 난자 주사가 육계 병아리의 장 점막 면역에 미치는 영향 [D].창춘:지린농업대학,2019.

[20] 주익봉, 한순순, 장계영 외.astragalus 다당류가 in vitro에서 닭 림프구의 증식과 비장 림프구의 cytokine 및 관련 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향 [J.사천농업대학 학술발표논문집 2018년,36(5):674-680.

자오톈장 (ZHAO Tianzhang), 리후이잉 (LI Huiying)astragalus polysaccharide 가 육계 병아리의 성장능과 면역기능에 미치는 영향 (J.2014년 사료 산업, 35 (2):열었다.

[22] 장용, 이빙, 주유징 등.astragalus 다당류가 브로일러의 성장능과 소장 점막형태에 미치는 영향 (J.선양농업대학,2009,40(4):453-457.

[23] 왕 Q, 왕 X F, 신 T 등.xylo-oligosaccharides와 gamma-irradiated astragalus polysaccharides 가 면역반응, 항산화능 및 면역계의 면역반응에 미치는 영향 [J., 항산화 용량, 그리고 브로일러의 장내 미생물 구성 [J].양계학, 2022, 101(9):101996

[24] 장롱, 강후, 종심.astragalus 다당류가 브로일러의 성장능, 면역기능 및 도축능에 미치는 영향 (J.중국 사료, 2023년 (2):41-44.

[25] 양 Fu' e.astragalus polysaccharide 가 병아리의 주요 성장능에 미치는 영향 (J.외국축산업 (돼지 및 가금류),2017,37(2):35-36.

[26] 왕홍팡.astragalus 다당류가 산란한 암탉의 생산능과 항산화 효소활성, 면역기능 및 장내 균사체에 미치는 영향 [D].바오딩:허베이 농업대학,2010.

[27] 왕창례.astragalus polysaccharide 가 산란 암탉의 알 생산능에 미치는 영향 (J.Breeding and Feed,2020(3):38-39.

[28] 장야오, 장링, 양샤오즈 등.astragalus polysaccharide 가 Hailan brown shell 낳는 암탉의 성상, 계란 품질 및 장내 식물상에 미치는 영향 (J.사료를 연구, 2022년, 45 (23):54-57.

[29] 천지강.astragalus polysaccharide 가 암탉 산란의 성능, 계란 품질 및 경제적 이익에 미치는 영향.외국축산업 (돼지 및 가금류),2023,43(4):28-31.

[30] 류바오.식이 astragalus polysaccharide 가 산란한 암탉의 생육능과 계란 품질에 미치는 영향 (J.중국가축가금육종산업,2023, 19(10):120-123.

손보, 샤오하이잉, 조우민춘, 식이 astragalus 다당류가 브로일러의 도축성과 근육질에 미치는 영향 (J.한국가축생태학회지 2015,36(6):26-29.

[32] 이홍환, 두안향평, 마혜리, 닭의 면역기능에 대한 항산화 효과 강화를 위한 아스트라갈루스 다당류의 효과.산시농업대학 논문집:자연과학편,2002(1):78-81.

[33] 진루양, 서샤오팡, 구신리 외.astragalus 다당류가 닭의 항산화능에 미치는 영향 (J.한국중국수의학회지 2017,36(3):50-53.

[34] 장유정.astragalus 다당류가 육계 닭의 생산능과 면역기능 및 항산화능에 미치는 영향.가금 류 과학, 2022년 (7):56-58.

[35] 린샤오징, 구종용, 판규리 외.astragalus polysaccharide 가 노랑깃털 육계 사육암탉의 생식능과 항산화능에 미치는 영향 (J).중국 축산업 &수의학, 2023년, 50 (12):4837-4845.

[36] 후안량, 공상봉, 리상루이 외.한약재 10 종이 CEF의 증식과 NDV 감염에 대한 저항성에 미치는 영향.한국축산수의학회지 2004(3):301-305.

[37] 맹상룡, 리칭장, 취환 외.Astragalus 다당류와 버섯다당류가 대식세포 활성 및 interleukin-1 in vitro in Marek&에 미치는 영향#39;s 병 감염된 병아리 [J].중국수의학회지,2002(7):33-34.

[38] 유장고, 주루잉.astragalus polysaccharide에 의한 병아리의 감염성 우살병에 대한 저항성 증대에 관한 연구 (J.Zhejiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2001(1):27-28.

[39] 류리쿤, 인wenqi.닭의 감염성 후두기관지염에 대한 compound astragalus polysaccharide 주사의 치료실험 (J.사천축산업과 수의학,2006(10):30-31.

[40] 위평, 리칭장, 하오연홍.아스트라갈루스 다당류와 버섯다당류가 흡혈귀 감염 병아리의 면역기관의 LPO 함량에 미치는 영향 (J.중국수의학회지 1999(3):4-7.

[41] 규취안, 리칭장, 쑤바오룽.버섯 다당류와 아스트라갈루스 다당류가 흡혈귀 감염 병아리의 se-gshpx 활성에 미치는 영향 (J.헤이룽장 축산업과 수의학, 1998(4):1-3.

[42] MU Feiyan, MA Xinyue, LAO Huixian 등.닭 생산에 있어서 Astragalus polysaccharide의 추출방법, 항균활성 및 적용에 관한 연구 진행 [J.사료를 연구, 2022년, 45 (14):158-160다.